Recent Changes for "Francis Bellamy" - Rochester Wiki

Francis Bellamy

peteb — 2012-01-18T02:25:53Z

fixed url

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- After Bellamy's death a dispute over the authorship of the pledge erupted between his son and the son of James Upham. A committee of historians ruled in favor of Bellamy in 1939, and after the debate surfaced in the 1950s a group from the Library Congress conducted further research and again supported Bellamy's authorship. A collection of materials relating to Francis Bellamy's life and career was assembled for this process; the collection now resides in the Rare Books collection of the ["University of Rochester"] (http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1779).	+ After Bellamy's death a dispute over the authorship of the pledge erupted between his son and the son of James Upham. A committee of historians ruled in favor of Bellamy in 1939, and after the debate surfaced in the 1950s a group from the Library Congress conducted further research and again supported Bellamy's authorship. A collection of materials relating to Francis Bellamy's life and career was assembled for this process; the collection now resides in the Rare Books collection of the ["University of Rochester"] ([http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1779]).

Francis Bellamy

alexandergartley — 2007-07-26T20:48:14Z

fixed spelling errors

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- Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. Bellamy was born in ["Mount Morris"], NY and came from a long line of famous Americans: notable relatives include his cousin Edward Bellamy (novelist and political activist), and his great-grandfather Joseph Bellamy (reknowned religious author and preacher during the Great Awakening).	+ Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. Bellamy was born in ["Mount Morris"], NY and came from a long line of famous Americans: notable relatives include his cousin Edward Bellamy (novelist and political activist), and his great-grandfather Joseph Bellamy (renowned religious author and preacher during the Great Awakening).
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- Bellamy worked for six years as a pastor in Boston, but his radical economic and political views were not well recieved by his parishoners. He was an advocate of "Christian Socialism", which argued that socialist tenets were mandated by Christian doctrines. After leaving his ministy in 1891, Bellamy took a job with the ''Youth's Companion'', a leading children's magazine. Bellamy was very conscious of his Anglo-Saxon racial background and wrote articles condemning unlimited immigration, although he tempered his xenophobic views with a call for free, universal, compulsory education aimed at creating solidarity among diverse immigrants and the native population.	+ Bellamy worked for six years as a pastor in Boston, but his radical economic and political views were not well received by his parishioners. He was an advocate of "Christian Socialism", which argued that socialist tenets were mandated by Christian doctrines. After leaving his ministry in 1891, Bellamy took a job with the ''Youth's Companion'', a leading children's magazine. Bellamy was very conscious of his Anglo-Saxon racial background and wrote articles condemning unlimited immigration, although he tempered his xenophobic views with a call for free, universal, compulsory education aimed at creating solidarity among diverse immigrants and the native population.

Francis Bellamy

adamdewitz — 2006-12-17T01:51:31Z

+ stop macro

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- ==== The accuracy of this page is disputed ==== - Read more at ["Francis Bellamy/Talk"]	+ --> '''The accuracy of this page is disputed''' <-- + + [[stop]]

Francis Bellamy

FarMcKon — 2006-12-16T00:05:02Z

added 'disputed' comment.

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	+ ==== The accuracy of this page is disputed ==== + Read more at ["Francis Bellamy/Talk"] +
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- Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. Bellamy was born in ["Mount Morris"], NY and came from a long line of famous Americans: notable relatives include his cousin Edward Bellamy (novelist and political activist), and his great-grandfather Joseph Bellamy (reknowned religious author and preacher during the Great Awakening).	+ Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. Bellamy was born in ["Mount Morris"], NY and came from a long line of famous Americans: notable relatives include his cousin Edward Bellamy (novelist and political activist), and his great-grandfather Joseph Bellamy (reknowned religious author and preacher during the Great Awakening).
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- Bellamy considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the [http://www.kofc.org/un/index.cfm Knights of Columbus].	+ Bellamy considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the [http://www.kofc.org/un/index.cfm Knights of Columbus].

Francis Bellamy

peteb — 2006-04-28T02:55:52Z

Added Link for Knights of Columbus

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- [[Thumbnail(fbellamy.jpg,right,float,254 "Francis Bellamy Studied at the ["University of Rochester"]")]]	+ [[Image(fbellamy.jpg, 254 "Francis Bellamy Studied at the ["University of Rochester"]", right, thumbnail)]]
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- Bellamy considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"].	+ Bellamy considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the [http://www.kofc.org/un/index.cfm Knights of Columbus].

Francis Bellamy

JonRobins — 2006-04-21T20:18:13Z

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- After hitting upon the idea of giving away flags to sell more magazines in the late 1880s, the magazine's management launched a patriotic campaign to put flags in every school that was to culminate in the 1892 Chicago Columbian Exposition. Bellamy and his suvpervisor, James B. Upham, felt that the flag needed an appropriate ceremony associated with it to create the feeling of national unity that both men thought was threatened by America's changing demographics.	+ After hitting upon the idea of giving away flags to sell more magazines in the late 1880s, the magazine's management launched a patriotic campaign to put flags in every school that was to culminate in the 1892 Chicago Columbian Exposition. Bellamy and his supervisor, James B. Upham, felt that the flag needed an appropriate ceremony associated with it to create the feeling of national unity that both men thought was threatened by America's changing demographics.
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- His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands--one Nation indivisible--with Liberty and Justice for all.'[[footnote(According to Bellamy's papers, he originally considered using the French slogan, "Liberty, Fraternity, Equality" but thought it would be too trite. The pledge was originally begun with a military salute that turned into an outstretched hand with a raise palm at the word "flag." This was changed to a simpler hand-over-heart salute during World War II due to its distasteful associations with Germany's Nazi regime.	+ His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands--one Nation indivisible--with Liberty and Justice for all.'[[FootNote(According to Bellamy's papers, he originally considered using the French slogan, "Liberty, Fraternity, Equality" but thought it would be too trite.)]] The pledge was originally begun with a military salute that turned into an outstretched hand with a raise palm at the word "flag." This was changed to a simpler hand-over-heart salute during World War II due to its distasteful associations with Germany's Nazi regime.

Francis Bellamy

JonRobins — 2006-04-21T20:15:43Z

reverted to earlier copy, added info

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- Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. He was a Christian Socialist and a Baptist minister.	+ Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. Bellamy was born in ["Mount Morris"], NY and came from a long line of famous Americans: notable relatives include his cousin Edward Bellamy (novelist and political activist), and his great-grandfather Joseph Bellamy (reknowned religious author and preacher during the Great Awakening).
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- The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.'	+ Bellamy worked for six years as a pastor in Boston, but his radical economic and political views were not well recieved by his parishoners. He was an advocate of "Christian Socialism", which argued that socialist tenets were mandated by Christian doctrines. After leaving his ministy in 1891, Bellamy took a job with the ''Youth's Companion'', a leading children's magazine. Bellamy was very conscious of his Anglo-Saxon racial background and wrote articles condemning unlimited immigration, although he tempered his xenophobic views with a call for free, universal, compulsory education aimed at creating solidarity among diverse immigrants and the native population.
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- He considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"].	+ After hitting upon the idea of giving away flags to sell more magazines in the late 1880s, the magazine's management launched a patriotic campaign to put flags in every school that was to culminate in the 1892 Chicago Columbian Exposition. Bellamy and his suvpervisor, James B. Upham, felt that the flag needed an appropriate ceremony associated with it to create the feeling of national unity that both men thought was threatened by America's changing demographics. + + His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands--one Nation indivisible--with Liberty and Justice for all.'[[footnote(According to Bellamy's papers, he originally considered using the French slogan, "Liberty, Fraternity, Equality" but thought it would be too trite. The pledge was originally begun with a military salute that turned into an outstretched hand with a raise palm at the word "flag." This was changed to a simpler hand-over-heart salute during World War II due to its distasteful associations with Germany's Nazi regime. + + Bellamy considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"]. + + After Bellamy's death a dispute over the authorship of the pledge erupted between his son and the son of James Upham. A committee of historians ruled in favor of Bellamy in 1939, and after the debate surfaced in the 1950s a group from the Library Congress conducted further research and again supported Bellamy's authorship. A collection of materials relating to Francis Bellamy's life and career was assembled for this process; the collection now resides in the Rare Books collection of the ["University of Rochester"] (http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1779).

Francis Bellamy

JonRobins — 2006-04-21T19:48:02Z

Revert to version dated 2005-11-24 00:59:29.

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- - Although he knew that superintendents of education were against equality for African Americans, he continued to support a government takeover of education. When the government granted his wish, the government schools imposed segregation by law and taught racism as official government policy. It served as a bad example for three decades before the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) was created, and the practice even continued after German National Socialism ended and the practice even outlasted German National Socialism by over fifteen years. - - The word "equality" included the meaning of ending differences and individuality between persons and that was the goal of having government take over all schools and teach all children to chant a robotically and collectively chant the same pledge every day. Francis Bellamy was concerned about the differences displayed by children, especially people who had moved to the USA after Bellamy had done so. - - Bellamy's original Pledge began with a military salute that then stretched out toward the flag. Historic photographs are at http://rexcurry.net/pledge2.html and at http://rexcurry.net/pledge_military.html In actual use, the second part of the gesture was performed with a straight arm and palm down by children extending the military salute while perfunctorily performing the forced ritual chanting. Professor Curry showed that, due to the way that both gestures were used sequentially in the pledge, the military salute led to the Nazi salute. The Nazi salute is an extended military salute via the pledge. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html - - Dr. Rex Curry showed that the USA's early Pledge of Allegiance (to the flag) used a straight-arm salute and it was the origin of the salute of the monstrous National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis). Dr. Curry helped to establish that it was not an ancient Roman salute, and that the "ancient Roman salute" is a myth. http://rexcurry.net/pledgesalute.html The myth is still repeated in modern efforts to cover-up Dr. Curry's discoveries about the Pledge's poisonous pedigree. - - Francis Bellamy (author of the "Pledge of Allegiance") and Edward Bellamy (author of the novel "Looking Backward") and Charles Bellamy (author of "A Moment of Madness") and Frederick Bellamy (who introduced Edward to socialistic "Fourierism") were socialists. Edward, Charles and Frederick were brothers, and Francis was their cousin. Francis and Edward were both self-proclaimed National Socialists and they supported the "Nationalism" movement in the USA, the "Nationalist" magazine, and the "Nationalist Educational Association." They wanted all of society to ape the military and they touted "military socialism" and the "industrial army." Edward inspired the "Nationalist Party" (in the USA) and their dogma influenced socialists worldwide (including Germany) via Nationalist Clubs. http://rexcurry.net/bellamy-edward-german-connections.html The Pledge was the origin of the Nazi salute. "Nazi" means "National Socialist German Workers' Party." A mnemonic device is the swastika. Although the swastika was an ancient symbol, Professor Curry discovered that it was also used sometimes by German National Socialists to represent "S" letters for their "socialism." Curry changed the way that people view the symbol of the horrid National Socialist German Workers' Party. Hitler altered his own signature to use the same stylized "S" letter for "socialist" and similar alphabetic symbolism still shows on Volkswagens. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

Francis Bellamy

LeroyBell — 2006-04-20T23:51:33Z

Differences for Francis Bellamy

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	+ + Although he knew that superintendents of education were against equality for African Americans, he continued to support a government takeover of education. When the government granted his wish, the government schools imposed segregation by law and taught racism as official government policy. It served as a bad example for three decades before the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) was created, and the practice even continued after German National Socialism ended and the practice even outlasted German National Socialism by over fifteen years. + + The word "equality" included the meaning of ending differences and individuality between persons and that was the goal of having government take over all schools and teach all children to chant a robotically and collectively chant the same pledge every day. Francis Bellamy was concerned about the differences displayed by children, especially people who had moved to the USA after Bellamy had done so. + + Bellamy's original Pledge began with a military salute that then stretched out toward the flag. Historic photographs are at http://rexcurry.net/pledge2.html and at http://rexcurry.net/pledge_military.html In actual use, the second part of the gesture was performed with a straight arm and palm down by children extending the military salute while perfunctorily performing the forced ritual chanting. Professor Curry showed that, due to the way that both gestures were used sequentially in the pledge, the military salute led to the Nazi salute. The Nazi salute is an extended military salute via the pledge. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html + + Dr. Rex Curry showed that the USA's early Pledge of Allegiance (to the flag) used a straight-arm salute and it was the origin of the salute of the monstrous National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis). Dr. Curry helped to establish that it was not an ancient Roman salute, and that the "ancient Roman salute" is a myth. http://rexcurry.net/pledgesalute.html The myth is still repeated in modern efforts to cover-up Dr. Curry's discoveries about the Pledge's poisonous pedigree. + + Francis Bellamy (author of the "Pledge of Allegiance") and Edward Bellamy (author of the novel "Looking Backward") and Charles Bellamy (author of "A Moment of Madness") and Frederick Bellamy (who introduced Edward to socialistic "Fourierism") were socialists. Edward, Charles and Frederick were brothers, and Francis was their cousin. Francis and Edward were both self-proclaimed National Socialists and they supported the "Nationalism" movement in the USA, the "Nationalist" magazine, and the "Nationalist Educational Association." They wanted all of society to ape the military and they touted "military socialism" and the "industrial army." Edward inspired the "Nationalist Party" (in the USA) and their dogma influenced socialists worldwide (including Germany) via Nationalist Clubs. http://rexcurry.net/bellamy-edward-german-connections.html The Pledge was the origin of the Nazi salute. "Nazi" means "National Socialist German Workers' Party." A mnemonic device is the swastika. Although the swastika was an ancient symbol, Professor Curry discovered that it was also used sometimes by German National Socialists to represent "S" letters for their "socialism." Curry changed the way that people view the symbol of the horrid National Socialist German Workers' Party. Hitler altered his own signature to use the same stylized "S" letter for "socialist" and similar alphabetic symbolism still shows on Volkswagens. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-24T05:59:29Z

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	+ [[Thumbnail(fbellamy.jpg,right,float,254 "Francis Bellamy Studied at the ["University of Rochester"]")]] +

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-24T05:58:49Z

Upload of image fbellamy.jpg.

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-20T08:59:45Z

removed some commas

Differences for Francis Bellamy

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- The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"].	+ The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' + + He considered placing the word 'equality' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"].

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-20T08:56:56Z

grammar edit

Differences for Francis Bellamy

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- The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his Pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education on his committee were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign for it by the ["Knights of Columbus"].	+ The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign made to Congress by the ["Knights of Columbus"].

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-20T08:54:29Z

corrected spelling

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- The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and (to) the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his Pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education on his committee were against equality for women and African Americans. [ 'to' added in October, 1892]. In 1954 Congress, after a campaign by the ["Knights of Columbus"], added the words 'under God' to the Pledge.	+ The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his Pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education on his committee were against equality for women and African Americans. Several edits to Bellamy's pledge were made over the years, the most notable being the inclusion of 'under God' in 1954 after a successful campaign for it by the ["Knights of Columbus"].

Francis Bellamy

MariahBetz — 2005-11-20T08:52:12Z

added entry

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	+ Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931) studied at the ["University of Rochester"] and the ["Rochester Theological Seminary"]. He wrote the original "The Pledge of Allegiance" in August 1892. He was a Christian Socialist and a Baptist minister. + + The pledge was published in the September 8th issue of The Youth's Companion, the leading family magazine of its day. His original pledge read as follows: 'I pledge allegiance to my Flag and (to) the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.' He considered placing the word, 'equality,' in his Pledge, but knew that the state superintendents of education on his committee were against equality for women and African Americans. [ 'to' added in October, 1892]. In 1954 Congress, after a campaign by the ["Knights of Columbus"], added the words 'under God' to the Pledge.